分布式存储系统之Ceph集群访问接口启用

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  前文我们使用ceph-deploy工具简单拉起了ceph底层存储集群RADOS,回顾请参考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/16724473.html;今天我们来聊一聊ceph集群访问接口相关话题;

  我们知道RADOS集群是ceph底层存储集群,部署好RADOS集群以后,默认只有RBD(Rados Block Device)接口;但是该接口并不能使用;这是因为在使用rados存储集群存取对象数据时,都是通过存储池找到对应pg,然后pg找到对应的osd,由osd通过librados api接口将数据存储到对应的osd所对应的磁盘设备上;

  启用Ceph块设备接口(RBD)

  对于RBD接口来说,客户端基于librbd即可将RADOS存储集群用作块设备,不过,用于rbd的存储池需要事先启用rbd功能并进行初始化;

  1、创建RBD存储池

[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph osd pool create rbdpool 64 64
pool 'rbdpool' created
[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph osd pool ls
testpool
rbdpool
[root@ceph-admin ~]#

  2、启用RBD存储池RBD功能

  查看ceph osd pool 帮助

Monitor commands:
 =================
osd pool application disable <poolname> <app> {--yes-  disables use of an application <app> on pool
 i-really-mean-it}                                      <poolname>
osd pool application enable <poolname> <app> {--yes-i- enable use of an application <app> [cephfs,rbd,rgw]
 really-mean-it}                                        on pool <poolname>

  提示:ceph osd pool application disable 表示禁用对应存储池上的对应接口功能,enbale 表示启用对应功能;后面的APP值只接受cephfs、rbd和rgw;

[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph osd pool application enable rbdpool rbd
enabled application 'rbd' on pool 'rbdpool'
[root@ceph-admin ~]#

  3、初始化RBD存储池

[root@ceph-admin ~]# rbd pool init -p rbdpool
[root@ceph-admin ~]#

  验证rbdpool是否成功初始化,对应rbd应用是否启用?

  提示:使用ceph osd pool ls detail命令就能查看存储池详细信息;到此rbd存储池就初始化完成;但是,rbd存储池不能直接用于块设备,而是需要事先在其中按需创建映像(image),并把映像文件作为块设备使用;

  4、在rbd存储池里创建image

[root@ceph-admin ~]# rbd create --size 5G rbdpool/rbd-img01
[root@ceph-admin ~]# rbd ls rbdpool
rbd-img01
[root@ceph-admin ~]#

  查看创建image的信息

[root@ceph-admin ~]# rbd info rbdpool/rbd-img01
rbd image 'rbd-img01':
        size 5 GiB in 1280 objects
        order 22 (4 MiB objects)
        id: d4466b8b4567
        block_name_prefix: rbd_data.d4466b8b4567
        format: 2
        features: layering, exclusive-lock, object-map, fast-diff, deep-flatten
        op_features:
        flags:
        create_timestamp: Sun Sep 25 11:25:01 2022
[root@ceph-admin ~]#

  提示:可以看到对应image支持分层镜像,排他锁,对象映射等等特性;到此一个5G大小的磁盘image就创建好了;客户端可以基于内核发现机制将对应image识别成一块磁盘设备进行使用;

  启用radosgw接口

  RGW并非必须的接口,仅在需要用到与S3和Swift兼容的RESTful接口时才需要部署RGW实例;radosgw接口依赖ceph-rgw进程对外提供服务;所以我们要启用radosgw接口,就需要在rados集群上运行ceph-rgw进程;

  1、部署ceph-radosgw

[root@ceph-admin ~]# ceph-deploy rgw --help
usage: ceph-deploy rgw [-h] {create} ...

Ceph RGW daemon management

positional arguments:
  {create}
    create    Create an RGW instance

optional arguments:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit
[root@ceph-admin ~]#

  提示:ceph-deploy rgw命令就只有一个create子命令用于创建RGW实例;

[root@ceph-admin ~]# su - cephadm
Last login: Sat Sep 24 23:16:00 CST 2022 on pts/0
[cephadm@ceph-admin ~]$ cd ceph-cluster/
[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$ ceph-deploy rgw create ceph-mon01
[ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /home/cephadm/.cephdeploy.conf
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ] Invoked (2.0.1): /bin/ceph-deploy rgw create ceph-mon01
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ] ceph-deploy options:
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  username                      : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  verbose                       : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  rgw                           : [('ceph-mon01', 'rgw.ceph-mon01')]
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  overwrite_conf                : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  subcommand                    : create
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  quiet                         : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  cd_conf                       : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf instance at 0x7fa658caff80>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  cluster                       : ceph
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  func                          : <function rgw at 0x7fa6592f5140>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  ceph_conf                     : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  default_release               : False
[ceph_deploy.rgw][DEBUG ] Deploying rgw, cluster ceph hosts ceph-mon01:rgw.ceph-mon01
[ceph-mon01][DEBUG ] connection detected need for sudo
[ceph-mon01][DEBUG ] connected to host: ceph-mon01
[ceph-mon01][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[ceph-mon01][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[ceph_deploy.rgw][INFO  ] Distro info: CentOS Linux 7.9.2009 Core
[ceph_deploy.rgw][DEBUG ] remote host will use systemd
[ceph_deploy.rgw][DEBUG ] deploying rgw bootstrap to ceph-mon01
[ceph-mon01][DEBUG ] write cluster configuration to /etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf
[ceph-mon01][WARNIN] rgw keyring does not exist yet, creating one
[ceph-mon01][DEBUG ] create a keyring file
[ceph-mon01][DEBUG ] create path recursively if it doesn't exist
[ceph-mon01][INFO  ] Running command: sudo ceph --cluster ceph --name client.bootstrap-rgw --keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-rgw/ceph.keyring auth get-or-create client.rgw.ceph-mon01 osd allow rwx mon allow rw -o /var/lib/ceph/radosgw/ceph-rgw.ceph-mon01/keyring
[ceph-mon01][INFO  ] Running command: sudo systemctl enable ceph-radosgw@rgw.ceph-mon01
[ceph-mon01][WARNIN] Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-radosgw.target.wants/ceph-radosgw@rgw.ceph-mon01.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-radosgw@.service.
[ceph-mon01][INFO  ] Running command: sudo systemctl start ceph-radosgw@rgw.ceph-mon01
[ceph-mon01][INFO  ] Running command: sudo systemctl enable ceph.target
[ceph_deploy.rgw][INFO  ] The Ceph Object Gateway (RGW) is now running on host ceph-mon01 and default port 7480
[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$

  查看集群状态

  提示:可以看到现在集群有一个rgw进程处于活跃状态;这里需要说明一点,radosgw部署好以后,对应它会自动创建自己所需要的存储池,如下所示;

  提示:默认情况下,它会创建以上4个存储池;这里说一下默认情况下radosgw会监听tcp协议的7480端口,以web服务形式提供服务;如果我们需要更改对应监听端口,可以在配置文件/etc/ceph/ceph.conf中配置

[client]
rgw_frontends = "civetweb port=8080"

  提示:该配置操作需要在对应运行rgw的主机上修改配置,然后重启对应进程即可;

  重启进程

  提示:可以看到现在mon01上没有监听7480的端口,而是8080的端口;

  用浏览器访问8080端口

  提示:访问对应主机的8080端口这里给我们返回一个xml的文档的界面;RGW提供的是RESTful接口,客户端通过http与其进行交互,完成数据的增删改查等管理操作。有上述界面说明我们rgw服务部署并运行成功;到此radosgw接口就启用Ok了;

  启用文件系统接口(cephfs)

  在说文件系统时,我们首先会想到元数据和数据的存放问题;CephFS和rgw一样它也需要依赖一个进程,cephfs依赖mds进程来帮助它来维护文件的元数据信息;MDS是MetaData Server的缩写,主要作用就是处理元数据信息;它和别的元数据服务器不一样,MDS只负责路由元数据信息,它自己并不存储元数据信息;文件的元数据信息是存放在RADOS集群之上;所以我们要使用cephfs需要创建两个存储池,一个用于存放cephfs的元数据一个用于存放文件的数据;那么对于mds来说,它为了能够让用户读取数据更快更高效,通常它会把一些热区数据缓存在自己本地,以便更快的告诉客户端,对应数据存放问位置;由于MDS将元数据信息存放在rados集群之上,使得MDS就变成了无状态,无状态意味着高可用是以冗余的方式;至于怎么高可用,后续要再聊;

  1、部署ceph-mds

[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$ ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mon02
[ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /home/cephadm/.cephdeploy.conf
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ] Invoked (2.0.1): /bin/ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mon02
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ] ceph-deploy options:
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  username                      : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  verbose                       : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  overwrite_conf                : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  subcommand                    : create
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  quiet                         : False
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  cd_conf                       : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf instance at 0x7ff12df9e758>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  cluster                       : ceph
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  func                          : <function mds at 0x7ff12e1f7050>
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  ceph_conf                     : None
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  mds                           : [('ceph-mon02', 'ceph-mon02')]
[ceph_deploy.cli][INFO  ]  default_release               : False
[ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] Deploying mds, cluster ceph hosts ceph-mon02:ceph-mon02
[ceph-mon02][DEBUG ] connection detected need for sudo
[ceph-mon02][DEBUG ] connected to host: ceph-mon02
[ceph-mon02][DEBUG ] detect platform information from remote host
[ceph-mon02][DEBUG ] detect machine type
[ceph_deploy.mds][INFO  ] Distro info: CentOS Linux 7.9.2009 Core
[ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] remote host will use systemd
[ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] deploying mds bootstrap to ceph-mon02
[ceph-mon02][DEBUG ] write cluster configuration to /etc/ceph/{cluster}.conf
[ceph-mon02][WARNIN] mds keyring does not exist yet, creating one
[ceph-mon02][DEBUG ] create a keyring file
[ceph-mon02][DEBUG ] create path if it doesn't exist
[ceph-mon02][INFO  ] Running command: sudo ceph --cluster ceph --name client.bootstrap-mds --keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/ceph.keyring auth get-or-create mds.ceph-mon02 osd allow rwx mds allow mon allow profile mds -o /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-ceph-mon02/keyring
[ceph-mon02][INFO  ] Running command: sudo systemctl enable ceph-mds@ceph-mon02
[ceph-mon02][WARNIN] Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mds.target.wants/ceph-mds@ceph-mon02.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mds@.service.
[ceph-mon02][INFO  ] Running command: sudo systemctl start ceph-mds@ceph-mon02
[ceph-mon02][INFO  ] Running command: sudo systemctl enable ceph.target
[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$

  查看mds状态

[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$ ceph mds stat
, 1 up:standby
[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$

  提示:可以看到现在集群有一个mds启动着,并以standby的方式运行;这是因为我们只是部署了ceph-mds进程,对应在rados集群上并没有绑定存储池;所以现在mds还不能正常提供服务;

  2、创建存储池

[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$ ceph osd pool create cephfs-metadatpool 64 64
pool 'cephfs-metadatpool' created
[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$ceph osd pool create cephfs-datapool 128 128
pool 'cephfs-datapool' created
[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$ ceph osd pool ls
testpool
rbdpool
.rgw.root
default.rgw.control
default.rgw.meta
default.rgw.log
cephfs-metadatpool
cephfs-datapool
[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$

  3、初始化存储池

  查看ceph fs帮助

  提示:我们可以使用ceph fs new命令来指定cephfs的元数据池和数据池;

[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$ ceph fs new cephfs cephfs-metadatpool cephfs-datapool
new fs with metadata pool 7 and data pool 8
[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$

  再次查看mds状态

[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$ ceph mds stat
cephfs-1/1/1 up  {0=ceph-mon02=up:active}
[cephadm@ceph-admin ceph-cluster]$

  查看集群状态

  提示:可以看到现在mds已经运行起来,并处于active状态;

  查看ceph 文件系统状态

  提示:可以看到对应文件系统是活跃状态;随后,客户端通过内核中的cephfs文件系统接口即可挂载使用cephfs文件系统,或者通过FUSE接口与文件系统进行交互使用;

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